중용 29 수행자는 마음을 맑게하려 보이지 않는 소리를 들으려하고 보이지 않는 것들을 보려한다. 중용

공자께서 말씀하시기를,내가 하나라의 를 말할 수는 있으나 기나라로서는 증명하기에 충분치 못하고, 내가 은나라의 를 배웠으나 송나라가 존재하고 있을 뿐이며, 내가 주나라의 를 배웠으니 지금에 그것이 쓰이는지라 나는 주나라(주나라의 )를 따를 것이니라.라고 하셨다.

천하에 왕 노릇을 하는 데에 세 가지 중요한 것이 있으니, 그것이 (갖추어지면) 허물이 적다고 할 수 있을 것이로다!

윗대의 것은 비록 훌륭하다 하더라도 증거가 없으니, 증거가 없으면 믿지 아니하고, 믿지 않으면 백성들이 따르지 않느니라. 아래 지위에 있는 사람의 것은 비록 훌륭하다 하더라도 존중받지 못하니, 존중받지 못하면 믿지 아니하고, 믿지 않으면 백성들이 따르지 않느니라.

그러므로 군자의 는 그 자신에 근본을 두어 백성들에게 징험하고, 삼왕에서 살펴보아도 그릇됨이 없으며, 천지에 세워보아도 어긋나지 않고, 귀신에게 물어보아도 의심이 없으며, 백세후의 성인을 기다려도 미혹되지 않을 것이니라.

귀신에게 물어봐도 의심이 없는 것은 하늘을 아는 것이고, 백세후의 성인을 기다려도 미혹되지 않는 것은 사람을 아는 것이니라.

이러한 까닭에 군자(天子)는 움직이면 世世로 천하의 가 되고, 행하면 세세로 천하의 법도가 되며, 말하면 세세로 천하의 준칙이 된다. (군자가) 멀리 있으면 바람을 갖게 되고, 가까이 있으면 싫어하지 않는 것이니라.

詩經에 말하기를,저쪽에서도 미워하는 자 없고, 이쪽에서도 싫어하는 자 없다. 바라노니 밤낮으로 힘써서 끝내 영예가 계속되기를이라고 했으니, 군자는 이와 같이 하지 않고 일찍이 천하의 영예를 누린 자는 없었다.

 

子曰(자왈):「吾說夏禮(오설하예)杞不足徵也(기불족징야)吾學殷禮(오학은예)有宋存焉(유송존언)吾學周禮(오학주예)今用之(금용지)吾從周(오종주)。」王天下有三重焉(왕천하유삼중언)其寡過矣乎(기과과의호)上焉者雖善無徵(상언자수선무징)無徵不信(무징불신)不信民弗從(불신민불종)下焉者雖善不尊(하언자수선불존)不尊不信(불존불신)不信民弗從(불신민불종)故君子之道本諸身(고군자지도본제신)徵諸庶民(징제서민)考諸三王而不繆(고제삼왕이불무)建諸天地而不悖(건제천지이부패)質諸鬼神而無疑(질제귀신이무의)百世以俟聖人而不惑(백세이사성인이불혹)質諸鬼神而無疑(질제귀신이무의)知天也(지천야)百世以俟聖人而不惑(백세이사성인이불혹)知人也(지인야)是故君子動而世為天下道(시고군자동이세위천하도)行而世為天下法(행이세위천하법)言而世為天下則(언이세위천하칙)遠之則有望(원지칙유망)近之則不厭(근지칙불염)。《()():「在彼無惡(재피무악)在此無射(재차무사)庶幾夙夜(서기숙야)以永終譽(이영종예)!」君子未有不如此而蚤有譽於天下者也(군자미유불여차이조유예어천하자야)

 

Zhong Yong:

The Master said, "I may describe the ceremonies of the Xia dynasty, but Qi cannot sufficiently attest my words. I have learned the ceremonies of the Yin dynasty, and in Song they still continue. I have learned the ceremonies of Zhou, which are now used, and I follow Zhou." He who attains to the sovereignty of the kingdom, having those three important things, shall be able to effect that there shall be few errors under his government. However excellent may have been the regulations of those of former times, they cannot be attested. Not being attested, they cannot command credence, and not being credited, the people would not follow them. However excellent might be the regulations made by one in an inferior situation, he is not in a position to be honored. Unhonored, he cannot command credence, and not being credited, the people would not follow his rules. Therefore the institutions of the Ruler are rooted in his own character and conduct, and sufficient attestation of them is given by the masses of the people. He examines them by comparison with those of the three kings, and finds them without mistake. He sets them up before Heaven and Earth, and finds nothing in them contrary to their mode of operation. He presents himself with them before spiritual beings, and no doubts about them arise. He is prepared to wait for the rise of a sage a hundred ages after, and has no misgivings. His presenting himself with his institutions before spiritual beings, without any doubts arising about them, shows that he knows Heaven. His being prepared, without any misgivings, to wait for the rise of a sage a hundred ages after, shows that he knows men. Such being the case, the movements of such a ruler, illustrating his institutions, constitute an example to the world for ages. His acts are for ages a law to the kingdom. His words are for ages a lesson to the kingdom. Those who are far from him look longingly for him; and those who are near him are never wearied with him. It is said in the Book of Poetry,-"Not disliked there, not tired of here, from day to day and night tonight, will they perpetuate their praise." Never has there been a ruler, who did not realize this description, that obtained an early renown throughout the kingdom.

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